Restricciones

Restricciones
Anterior	Capítulo 6. Tipos temporales: Operaciones genéricas (Parte 2)	Siguiente

Hay dos conjuntos complementarios de funciones de restricción. El primer conjunto de funciones restringe el valor temporal con respecto a un valor o una extensión de tiempo. Dos ejemplos son atValues o atTime. El segundo conjunto de funciones restringe el valor temporal con respecto al complement de un valor o una extensión de tiempo. Dos ejemplos son minusValues o minusTime

Restringir a (al complemento de) un valor

atValues(ttype,values) → ttype

minusValues(ttype,values) → ttype

SELECT atValues(tint '[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-15)', 1);
-- [1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-15)
SELECT asText(atValues(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(2 2 2)@2001-01-03)',
  geometry 'Point(1 1 1)'));
-- {[POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02]}
SELECT atValues(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 4@2001-01-4)', floatset '{1, 3, 5}');
-- {[1@2001-01-01], [3@2001-01-03]}
SELECT asText(atValues(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(2 2)@2001-01-03)',
  geomset '{"Point(0 0)", "Point(1 1)"}'));
-- {[POINT(0 0)@2001-01-01], [POINT(1 1)@2001-01-02]}
SELECT atValues(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 4@2001-01-4)', floatspan '[1,3]');
-- [1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03]
SELECT atValues(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 5@2001-01-05)',
  floatspanset '{[1,2], [3,4]}');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02],[3@2001-01-03, 4@2001-01-04]}

SELECT minusValue(tint '[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02, 2@2001-01-03)', 1);
-- {[2@2001-01-02, 2@2001-01-03)}
SELECT asText(minusValue(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(2 2 2)@2001-01-03)',
  geometry 'Point(1 1 1)'));
/* {[POINT Z (0 0 0)@2001-01-01, POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02),
   (POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02, POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-03)} */
SELECT minusValues(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 4@2001-01-4)', floatset '{2, 3}');
/* {[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02), (2@2001-01-02, 3@2001-01-03),
   (3@2001-01-03, 4@2001-01-04)} */
SELECT asText(minusValues(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(3 3 3)@2001-01-04)',
  geomset '{"Point(1 1 1)", "Point(2 2 2)"}'));
/* {[POINT Z (0 0 0)@2001-01-01, POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02),
   (POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02, POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-03),
   (POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-03, POINT Z (3 3 3)@2001-01-04)} */
SELECT minusValues(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 4@2001-01-4)', floatspan '[2,3]');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02), (3@2001-01-03, 4@2001-01-04)}
SELECT minusValues(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 5@2001-01-05)',
  floatspanset '{[1,2], [3,4]}');
-- {(2@2001-01-02, 3@2001-01-03), (4@2001-01-04, 5@2001-01-05)}

Restringir al (al complemento del) valor mínimo

atMin(torder) → torder

minusMin(torder) → torder

La función devuelve nulo si el valor mínimo sólo ocurre en límites exclusivos.

SELECT atMin(tint '{1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-05}');
-- {1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-05}
SELECT atMin(tint '(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03]');
-- {(1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03)}
SELECT atMin(tfloat '(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03]');
-- NULL
SELECT atMin(ttext '{(AA@2001-01-01, AA@2001-01-03), (BB@2001-01-03, AA@2001-01-05]}');
-- {(AA@2001-01-01, AA@2001-01-03), [AA@2001-01-05]}

SELECT minusMin(tint '{1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-05}');
-- {2@2001-01-03}
SELECT minusMin(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03]');
-- {(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03]}
SELECT minusMin(tfloat '(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)');
-- {(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)}
SELECT minusMin(tint '{[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03), (1@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-05)}');
-- NULL

Restringir al (al complemento del) valor máximo

atMax(torder) → torder

minusMax(torder) → torder

La función devuelve nulo si el valor máximo sólo ocurre en límites exclusivos.

SELECT atMax(tint '{1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-03, 3@2001-01-05}');
-- {3@2001-01-05}
SELECT atMax(tfloat '(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)');
-- NULL
SELECT atMax(tfloat '{(2@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03), [2@2001-01-03, 2@2001-01-05)}');
-- {[2@2001-01-03, 2@2001-01-05]}
SELECT atMax(ttext '{(AA@2001-01-01, AA@2001-01-03), (BB@2001-01-03, AA@2001-01-05]}');
-- {("BB"@2001-01-03, "BB"@2001-01-05)}

SELECT minusMax(tint '{1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-03, 3@2001-01-05}');
-- {1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-03}
SELECT minusMax(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03]');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)}
SELECT minusMax(tfloat '(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)');
-- {(1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)}
SELECT minusMax(tfloat '{[2@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03), [2@2001-01-03, 2@2001-01-05)}');
-- {(2@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03)}
SELECT minusMax(tfloat '{[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03), (3@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-05)}');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03), (3@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-05)}

Restringir a (al complemento de) una geometría, un rango de Z y/o un período

atGeometry(tgeompoint,geometry[,zspan]) → tgeompoint

minusGeometry(tgeompoint,geometry[,zspan]) → tgeompoint

atGeometryTime(tgeompoint,geometry[,zspan],period) → tgeompoint

minusGeometryTime(tgeompoint,geometry[,zspan],period) → tgeompoint

La geometría debe estar en 2D y el cálculo con respecto a ella se realiza en 2D. El resultado conserva la dimensión Z del punto temporal, si existe.

SELECT asText(atGeometry(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(3 3)@2001-01-04)',
  geometry 'Polygon((1 1,1 2,2 2,2 1,1 1))'));
-- {"[POINT(1 1)@2001-01-02, POINT(2 2)@2001-01-03]"}
SELECT astext(atGeometry(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(4 4 4)@2001-01-05]',
  geometry 'Polygon((1 1,1 2,2 2,2 1,1 1))'));
-- {[POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02, POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-03]}
SELECT asText(atGeometry(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(3 1 1)@2001-01-03,
  Point(3 1 3)@2001-01-05]', 'Polygon((2 0,2 2,2 4,4 0,2 0))', '[0,2]'));
-- {[POINT Z (2 1 1)@2001-01-02, POINT Z (3 1 1)@2001-01-03, POINT Z (3 1 2)@2001-01-04]}

SELECT asText(atGeometryTime(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1)@2001-01-01,
  Point(5 1)@2001-01-05, Point(1 1)@2001-01-09]',
  'Polygon((2 0,2 2,4 2,4 0,2 0))',
  tstzspan '[2001-01-03, 2001-01-05]'));
-- {[POINT(3 1)@2001-01-03, POINT(4 1)@2001-01-04]}
SELECT asText(atGeometryTime(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1 1)@2001-01-01,
  Point(5 1 5)@2001-01-05, Point(1 1 9)@2001-01-09]',
  geometry 'Polygon((2 0,2 2,4 2,4 0,2 0))', floatspan '[0,5]',
  tstzspan '[2001-01-03, 2001-01-06]'));
-- {[POINT Z (3 1 3)@2001-01-03, POINT Z (4 1 4)@2001-01-04]}

SELECT asText(minusGeometry(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(3 3)@2001-01-04)',
  geometry 'Polygon((1 1,1 2,2 2,2 1,1 1))'));
/* {[POINT(0 0)@2001-01-01, POINT(1 1)@2001-01-02), (POINT(2 2)@2001-01-03,
  POINT(3 3)@2001-01-04)} */
SELECT astext(minusGeometry(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0 0)@2001-01-01,
  Point(4 4 4)@2001-01-05]', geometry 'Polygon((1 1,1 2,2 2,2 1,1 1))'));
/* {[POINT Z (0 0 0)@2001-01-01, POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-02),
   (POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-03, POINT Z (4 4 4)@2001-01-05]} */
SELECT asText(minusGeometry(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(3 1 1)@2001-01-03,
  Point(3 1 3)@2001-01-05]', 'Polygon((2 0,2 2,2 4,4 0,2 0))', '[0,2]'));
/* {[POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-01, POINT Z (2 1 1)@2001-01-02),
    (POINT Z (3 1 2)@2001-01-04, POINT Z (3 1 3)@2001-01-05]} */

SELECT asText(minusGeometryTime(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1)@2001-01-01,
  Point(5 1)@2001-01-05, Point(1 1)@2001-01-09]',
  geometry 'Polygon((2 0,2 2,4 2,4 0,2 0))',
  tstzspan '[2001-01-03, 2001-01-05]'));
/* {[POINT(1 1)@2001-01-01, POINT(3 1)@2001-01-03), (POINT(4 1)@2001-01-04,
     POINT(5 1)@2001-01-05, POINT(1 1)@2001-01-09]} */
SELECT asText(minusGeometryTime(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1 1)@2001-01-01,
  Point(5 1 5)@2001-01-05, Point(1 1 9)@2001-01-09]',
  geometry 'Polygon((2 0,2 2,4 2,4 0,2 0))', floatspan '[0,5]',
  tstzspan '[2001-01-03, 2001-01-06]'));
/* {[POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-01, POINT Z (3 1 3)@2001-01-03),
    (POINT Z (4 1 4)@2001-01-04, POINT Z (5 1 5)@2001-01-05,
     POINT Z (1 1 9)@2001-01-09]} */

Restringir a (al complemento de) un valor de tiempo

atTime(ttype,times) → ttype

minusTime(ttype,times) → ttype

SELECT atTime(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 5@2001-01-05)', timestamptz '2001-01-02');
-- 2@2001-01-02
SELECT atTime(tint '[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-15)',
  tstzset '{2001-01-01, 2001-01-03}');
-- {1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03}
SELECT atTime(tfloat '{[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03), [3@2001-01-04, 1@2001-01-06)}',
  tstzspan '[2001-01-02,2001-01-05)');
-- {[2@2001-01-02, 3@2001-01-03), [3@2001-01-04, 2@2001-01-05)}
SELECT atTime(tint '[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-15)',
  tstzspanset '{[2001-01-01, 2001-01-03), [2001-01-04, 2001-01-05)}');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-03),[1@2001-01-04, 1@2001-01-05)}

SELECT minusTime(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 5@2001-01-05)', timestamptz '2001-01-02');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02), (2@2001-01-02, 5@2001-01-05)}
SELECT minusTime(tint '[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-15)',
  tstzset '{2001-01-02, 2001-01-03}');
/* {[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-02), (1@2001-01-02, 1@2001-01-03),
   (1@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-15)} */
SELECT minusTime(tfloat '{[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03), [3@2001-01-04, 1@2001-01-06)}',
  tstzspan '[2001-01-02,2001-01-05)');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 2@2001-01-02), [2@2001-01-05, 1@2001-01-06)}
SELECT minusTime(tint '[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-15)',
  tstzspanset '{[2001-01-02, 2001-01-03), [2001-01-04, 2001-01-05)}');
/* {[1@2001-01-01, 1@2001-01-02), [1@2001-01-03, 1@2001-01-04),
   [1@2001-01-05, 1@2001-01-15)} */

Restringir a (al complemento de) un tbox
atTbox(tnumber,tbox) → tnumber
minusTbox(tnumber,tbox) → tnumber
```
SELECT atTbox(tfloat '[0@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-04)',
  tbox 'TBOXFLOAT XT((0,2),[2001-01-02, 2001-01-04])');
-- {[1@2001-01-02, 2@2001-01-03]}
```
```
SELECT minusTbox(tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 4@2001-01-04)',
  'TBOXFLOAT XT((1,4),[2001-01-03, 2001-01-04])');
-- {[1@2001-01-01, 3@2001-01-03)}
WITH temp(temp, box) AS (
  SELECT tfloat '[1@2001-01-01, 4@2001-01-04)',
    tbox 'TBOXFLOAT XT((1,2),[2001-01-03, 2001-01-04])' )
SELECT minusValues(minusTime(temp, box::tstzspan), box::floatspan) FROM temp;
-- {[1@2001-01-01], [2@2001-01-02, 3@2001-01-03)}
```
Observe que cuando el cuadro delimitador tiene dimensiones de valor y de tiempo, la diferencia se calcula restringiendo el número temporal al cuadro usando la función atTbox, calculando la extensión de tiempo de esta restricción, y restringiendo el número temporal a la diferencia de la extensión del tiempo. Esto es necesario para garantizar que tnumber = merge(atTbox(tnumber,tbox), minusTbox(tnumber,tbox)) (ver la función merge). En otras palabras, mientras que la función atTbox restringe el número temporal con respecto al rango y al período que definen el cuadro delimitador, la función minusTbox restringe el número temporal con respecto al rango o al período. Para obtener la restricción usando una semántica y, deben aplicarse las dos funciones minusValues y minusTime.

Restringir a (al complemento de) un stbox

atStbox(tgeompoint,stbox,borderInc=true) → tgeompoint

minusStbox(tgeompoint,stbox,borderInc=true) → tgeompoint

El tercer argumento opcional se utiliza para hacer mosaicos multidimensionales (ver “Mosaicos multidimensionales”) de manera a excluir el borde superior de los mosaicos cuando un valor temporal se divide en varios mosaicos, de modo que todos los fragmentos del punto temporal sean exclusivos.

SELECT asText(atStbox(tgeompoint '[Point(0 0)@2001-01-01, Point(3 3)@2001-01-04)',
  stbox 'STBOX XT(((0,0),(2,2)),[2001-01-02, 2001-01-04])'));
-- {[POINT(1 1)@2001-01-02, POINT(2 2)@2001-01-03]}
SELECT asText(atStbox(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(3 3 3)@2001-01-03,
  Point(3 3 2)@2001-01-04, Point(3 3 7)@2001-01-09]', stbox 'STBOX Z((2,2,2),(3,3,3))'));
/* {[POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-02, POINT Z (3 3 3)@2001-01-03, POINT Z (3 3 2)@2001-01-04,
  POINT Z (3 3 3)@2001-01-05]} */

SELECT asText(atStbox(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(1 0)@2001-01-02,
  Point(0 0)@2001-01-03, Point(0 1)@2001-01-04, Point(1 1)@2001-01-05]',
  stbox 'STBOX X((0,0),(2,2))', false));
/* {Point(1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(1 0)@2001-01-02, Point(0 0)@2001-01-03,
  Point(0 1)@2001-01-04, Point(1 1)@2001-01-05} */
SELECT asText(atStbox(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(1 2)@2001-01-02,
  Point(2 2)@2001-01-03, Point(2 1)@2001-01-04, Point(1 1)@2001-01-05]',
  stbox 'STBOX X((0,0),(2,2))', false));
/* {[POINT(1 1)@2001-01-01, POINT(1 2)@2001-01-02),
   (POINT(2 1)@2001-01-04, POINT(1 1)@2001-01-05]} */

SELECT asText(minusStbox(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(4 4)@2001-01-04)',
  stbox 'STBOX XT(((1,1),(4,4)),[2001-01-03,2001-01-04])'));
-- {[POINT(1 1)@2001-01-01), POINT(3 3)@2001-01-03)}
SELECT asText(minusStbox(tgeompoint '[Point(1 1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(3 3 3)@2001-01-03,
  Point(3 3 2)@2001-01-04, Point(3 3 7)@2001-01-09]', stbox 'STBOX Z((2,2,2),(3,3,3))'));
/* {[POINT Z (1 1 1)@2001-01-01, POINT Z (2 2 2)@2001-01-02), (POINT Z (3 3 3)@2001-01-05,
  POINT Z (3 3 7)@2001-01-09]} */
WITH temp(temp, box) AS (
  SELECT tgeompoint '[Point(1 1)@2001-01-01, Point(4 4)@2001-01-04)',
    stbox 'STBOX XT(((1,1),(2,2)),[2001-01-03,2001-01-04])')
SELECT asText(minusGeometry(minusTime(temp, box::tstzspan), box::geometry)) FROM temp;
-- {(POINT(2 2)@2001-01-02, POINT(3 3)@2001-01-03)}

De manera similar a la función minusTbox, cuando el cuadro delimitador tiene dimensiones de espacio y tiempo, la función minusStbox restringe el punto temporal con respecto a las extensiones de espacio o de tiempo del cuadro. Para obtener la restricción utilizando una semántica y, deben aplicarse las dos funciones minusGeometry y minusTime.

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